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61.
以MIL-88A (Fe)为载体,通过原位沉淀法和离子交换法成功合成双Z型三元复合材料MIL-88A (Fe)/Ag3PO4/AgI (MAI),并将其应用于光芬顿体系中,高效去除染料废水中的罗丹明B (RhB).棒状的MIL-88A (Fe)作为载体,减少了Ag3PO4和AgI颗粒的团聚现象,形成的双Z型异质结减少了电子-空穴对的复合,提高了光催化活性.在催化剂为0.5g/L,初始pH值为3.0,H2O2浓度0.4mmol/L的条件下,20min内100mL的20mg/L的RhB可被完全降解,并且在循环5次使用后仍保持较高的催化性能.此外,自由基捕获实验和电子自旋共振实验表明h+,O2·﹣和HO·是MAI/Vis/H2O2催化体系中的主要活性物质.最后,提出了MAI降解的可能机理. 相似文献
62.
Saúl Otero Encarnación Núñez-Olivera Javier Martínez-Abaigar Rafael Tomás Satu Huttunen 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(8-9):2335-2344
We analyzed bulk UV absorbance of methanolic extracts and levels of five UV-absorbing compounds (hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives) in 135 herbarium samples of the liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia subsp. cordifolia from northern Europe. Samples had been collected in 1850–2006 (96% in June–August). Both UV absorbance and compound levels were correlated positively with collection year. p-Coumaroylmalic acid (C1) was the only compound showing a significant (and negative) correlation with stratospheric ozone and UV irradiance in the period that real data of these variables existed. Stratospheric ozone reconstruction (1850–2006) based on C1 showed higher values in June than in July and August, which coincides with the normal monthly variation of ozone. Combining all the data, there was no long-term temporal trend from 1850 to 2006. Reconstructed UV showed higher values in June–July than in August, but again no temporal trend was detected in 1918–2006 using the joint data. This agrees with previous UV reconstructions. 相似文献
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65.
Portillo MC Reina M Serrano L Saíz-Jiménez C González JM 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(2):165-170
The Doñana National Park contains highly complex microbial communities that play critical roles in the bioavailability and biogeochemical cycling of elements. In this study, we analyzed the formation of Fe-rich films on the surface of shallow waters at Doñana National Park as a model for future applications in bioremediation. Phytoplankton composition and abundance, physicochemical measurements, culture enrichments, and molecular detection of microorganisms were determined during this study. Natural samples were incubated in the laboratory and enrichments producing similar phenomena were obtained. Bacteria belonging to the genera Enterobacter were the major participants in surface Fe-film formation in laboratory enrichments. Film formation was dependent on wind exposure and only those sites protected from the direct influence of wind developed these films. A higher concentration of euglenophytes was found in the proximity of film-covered waters. Available iron (Fe2+) and total Fe concentrations were high (18.8 and 46.6 mg/L, respectively) underneath the surface film, and higher than in film-free waters and pore-sediment water. The concentration of phosphate and its availability were higher in the iron-rich film sediment, as 61% of total P was bound to iron oxy-hydroxides. Our results provide evidence of the link between P and Fe biogeochemical cycling in aquatic systems on sandy soils at the Doñana National Park. In addition, they provide significant insights into the bioavailability of these elements with potential interest in the role of microorganisms for metal sequestration in natural environments and utilization in bioremediation processes. 相似文献
66.
Merits of ozonation and catalytic ozonation pre-treatment in the algal treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Balcioğlu IA Tarlan E Kivilcimdan C Saçan MT 《Journal of environmental management》2007,85(4):918-926
Since the performance of algal treatment for pulp mill effluent decreases with increasing color intensity and AOX content, which mainly originate from the chlorine bleaching of Kraft pulp, the separated CEH bleaching effluent was pre-treated by both the conventional and the heterogeneous catalytic ozonation processes. An increase in the BOD(5)/COD ratio from 0.11 to 0.28 and 87% color abatement in terms of Pt-Co were achieved by catalytic ozonation, which had the best treatment performance. Biodegradability enhancement of the CEH effluent correlated well with a decrease in toxicity, high-molecular-weight-compound content, and AOX abatement. By the pre-treatment of the CEH bleaching effluent, the overall efficiencies of algal treatment of the combined pulp mill effluent in terms of the fractional removal of COD and color were increased from 76% and 53% to 86-90% and 96-99%, respectively. Effects of both the conventional and the catalytic ozonation pre-treatments on subsequent biological treatment were close to each other and they reduced the filling period of the Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) cycle from 8 to 5 days. 相似文献
67.
68.
Lifetime reproductive success and composition of the home range in a large herbivore 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
McLoughlin PD Gaillard JM Boyce MS Bonenfant C Messier F Duncan P Delorme D Van Moorter B Saïd S Klein F 《Ecology》2007,88(12):3192-3201
The relationship between individual performance and nonrandom use of habitat is fundamental to ecology; however, empirical tests of this relationship remain limited, especially for higher orders of selection like that of the home range. We quantified the association between lifetime reproductive success (LRS) and variables describing lifetime home ranges during the period of maternal care (spring to autumn) for 77 female roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) at Trois-Fontaines, Champagne-Ardenne, France (1976-2000). We maintained population growth rate (adjusted to account for removals of non-focal animals) near rmax, which enabled us to define the fitness-habitat relationship in the absence of density effects. Using a negative binomial model, we showed that a roe deer's incorporation into its home range of habitat components important to food, cover, and edge (meadows, thickets, and increased density of road allowances) was significantly related to LRS. Further, LRS decreased with increasing age of naturally reclaimed meadows at the time of a deer's birth, which may have reflected a cohort effect related to, but not entirely explained by, a decline in quality of meadows through time. Predictive capacity of the selected model, estimated as the median correlation (rs) between predicted and observed LRS among deer of cross-validation samples, was 0.55. The strength of this relationship suggests that processes like selection of the site of a home range during dispersal may play a more important role in determining fitness of individuals than previously thought. Individual fitness of highly sedentary income breeders with high reproductive output such as roe deer should be more dependent on home range quality during the period of maternal care compared to capital breeders with low reproductive output. Identification of the most important habitat attributes to survival and reproduction at low density (low levels of intraspecific competition) may prove useful for defining habitat value ("intrinsic habitat value"). 相似文献
69.
Summary. We adapted a four-arm olfactometer (55 × 55 × 5.5 cm) for bioassays of large insects and its usefulness was evaluated by testing
the responses of three beetles, the palm weevil Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidea) and two Dynast scarabs Strategus aloeus (L.) and Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to plant odours and aggregation pheromones. This olfactometer was coupled to a volatile delivery
system dispensing highly volatile semiochemicals at constant concentrations. We materialized airflows in the olfactometer
by discolouring sensitive papers with acid vapours under various conditions (air straighten by stainless steel grids in inputs
and output, 500 ml/min per arm) to visualize air turbulence and to test air-tightness. The volatile delivery system can be
used to mix and dispense a broad range of concentrations of semiochemicals in air from diluted aqueous solutions. It was calibrated
by measuring the release of the pheromone using solid phase-microextraction (SPME). Dose-response curves to synthetic pheromone
were obtained for O. rhinoceros of both sexes. Coupling the volatile delivery system to the fourarm olfactometer provided a system with which the responses
of R. palmarum and S. aloeus to their synthetic aggregation pheromones and to natural plant volatiles could be readily observed and studied. 相似文献
70.
In order to understand the relationships between the dynamics of phytoplankton populations in the surface microlayer (MIL)
and in the water column below (SSW), this study used high-performance liquid chromatography-derived pigment markers in samples
from a coastal lagoon of Baja California (Estero de Punta Banda, EPB) under summer (October 2003) and winter (December 2003)
conditions. Photosynthetic pigment signatures of phytoplankton at the air–sea interface (phytoneuston) and subsurface measurements
were related to bottom-up (temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations) and top-down factors (zooplankton abundance). Slicks
and scum layers were observed in the inner part of the lagoon and coincided with greater stratification of layers just below
the sea surface and lower wind intensities. In general, spatial variability in pigment markers and ancillary data was very
high and resulted in non-significant differences between MIL and subsurface samples when different regions of EPB or sampling
dates were compared. However, different patterns were found between pigments and environmental factors of MIL and SSW samples
when the relative numbers of stations with positive and negative differences (ΔX = X
MIL−X
SSW) were computed. For each survey, pigment markers of phytoneuston and phytoplankton samples were not necessarily correlated.
Further analysis revealed that those markers (19′-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, prasinoxanthin, divinil-chlorophyll a) corresponded to picophytoplankton groups (haptophyte, prasinophyte, and prochlorophyte). On both dates, the MIL was enriched
in 19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (a marker for a type 4 haptophyte) and fucoxanthin (marker for bacillariophytes, haptophytes,
and crysophytes) and depleted in peridinin (marker for dinophytes). Different zooplankton grazers accumulated in the MIL (loricate
tintinnids) and in SSW (copepod nauplii). 相似文献